在国外，很多大学都设立有自己的入学考试，例如咱们熟悉的牛津大学、剑桥大学等，接下来，顶试留学想为大家介绍的是HAT是什么考试以及HAT的备考秘籍，对这项考试感兴趣的话，记得关注下面的内容。

　　一、HAT是什么考试？
　　HAT是什么考试？HAT考试全称为‌History Aptitude Test，即历史能力测试，是一个标准化考试，主要针对申请‌牛津大学、‌剑桥大学等院校的‌历史学、‌历史与经济、‌历史与英语、‌历史与现代语言、‌历史与政治等专业的学生。该考试旨在测试学生的历史研究能力，而不是检查其历史知识的积累。HAT考试要求考生在对资料背景一无所知的情况下，对资料进行深入阅读和批判性思考，分析材料并得出结论。

　　二、HAT的备考秘籍
　　HAT 更侧重于历史的分析方法和内容史料的联系，历史的分析方法其实更侧重于对材料的理解和与已知的历史大背景相比较，利用因果逻辑关系去分析历史事件。16字高分真言：深挖原因，细耕材料，由小得大，知微见诸。
　　1 分析材料，提取原因
　　举个例子说明，下面是一段材料：The French Ambassador said, ‘No incursion of French troops into Belgium will take place, even ifGerman forces are massed upon the frontiers of your country. France does not wish to incur theresponsibility, so far as Belgium is concerned, of taking the first hostile act. Instructions in this sense will be given to the French authorities.’ I thanked him for his message, and said that we always had the greatest confidence that other countries would keep their promises towards us. We have also every reason to believe that the attitude of the German Government will be the same as that of the Government of France.
　　Certain newspapers have maintained that in the case of a Franco-German war Belgian neutralitywould be violated by Germany. We have suggested that an official declaration in the German Parliament that Belgian neutrality would be respected would calm public opinion and dispel the mistrust which was so regrettable from the point of view of the relations between the two countries.
　　Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg, the Chancellor of Germany, has replied that he had fully appreciated the feelings which had inspired our concerns. He declared that Germany had no intention of violating Belgian neutrality, but he considered that in making a public declaration Germany would weaken her military position in regard to France, who, secured on the northern side, would concentrate all her energies on her eastern frontier.
　　以上这个材料说的是什么呢？
　　学生1：Belgium’s insistence on maintaining its neutrality brought about Germany’s invasion. 点评：新颖，角度很犀利，这样的立意就容易让阅卷人看你的文章更深入一些。
　　学生2：1) Read the prompt/question carefully.2) Analyze what is being asked of you.3) Identify the different parts of the question.4) Identify the key words.5) Check back in with the assignment requirements as you write.The First World War is based on the untrustworthy international relationship.
　　点评：结论深刻
　　学生3：由这一段史料结合史实去深挖一战的背景
　　“分析材料，提取原因”是你的文章拔高的重点，同时是使得老师眼前一亮体现你的思维深度和广度的方面，所以非常重要！
　　但是注意又不能天马行空去写，要紧扣题目，所以分析时要注意按照以下步骤操作：1) Read the prompt/question carefully.2) Analyze what is being asked of you.3) Identify the different parts of the question.4) Identify the key words.5) Check back in with the assignment requirements as you write.
　　2 找到文章的立意点，
　　使文章更有说服力
　　做到以下三个方面，提升你的答案说服力：
　　1. Thesis Statements and the Writing Process 主旨与写作流程
　　A strong thesis is specific, focused, defensible, stated with conviction, and revised over the course of your writing process. It should be interpretive rather than descriptive. This means providing the reader with not-so-obvious insight about the topic rather than offering a mere description or restatement of information.
　　例题:Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War.写作流程
　　首先草拟一个论述内容 Draft Thesis
　　The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different.修改To revise ：Examine evidence. Focus on specific reasons.
　　修改论述主题 Revised ThesisWhile both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of slavery, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions. 再修改 To revise ：Write draft of paper. Narrow the focus of your argument.
　　最终确定论述主题 Final ThesisWhile both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyranny and oppression; Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own right to self-government.
　　非常重要请记住More specific = more persuasive
　　2. Evidence 证据
　　Evidence supports your thesis statement. Your thesis statement should be based on careful consideration of the evidence you have assembled. Select the strongest, most relevant facts and examples to explain your claim.
　　Your evidence will include examples, information, and quotations that support your thesis. Depending on the assignment, evidence can come from lecture notes, course materials, or your own research into primary and secondary source materials. 举例说明如何言之有据
　　过于笼统 Too general: Stalinist culture glorified the achievements of individual workers.需要修改 To revise: find specific information
　　修改后 Revised: During the Stalinist industrialization drive of the 1930s, individual workers were encouraged to over fulfill their work quotas and received recognition for doing so.
　　最佳答案Best: Aleksei Stakhanov serves as an example of the glorification of workers’ achievements under Stalin in the 1930s. After he supposedly moved 102 tons of coal during his shift (14 times his quota), the periodical Pravda featured Stakhanov and he received praise from party officials.
　　非常重要请记住Be sure to cite your evidence!
　　3. Analysis/Interpretation 分析/解释
　　Evidence does not speak for itself. Evidence without analysis and interpretation only amounts to a list of facts or events. Explain to the reader in your own words what meaning to take from a piece of evidence. Your explanation of the evidence tells the reader why a particular quote is important and how it supports your thesis statement.
　　避免出现单纯叙述性事件 To avoid presenting a mere narrative/description of events:- Explain and analyze your examples and facts. What conclusions do you want your reader to draw from them? What do the examples and facts reveal?- Explain why the example or fact makes your point.- Explain the connection between the example and your thesis/argument.
　　Consider the example above concerning Aleksei Stakhanov and the Stakhanovite movement. 
　　What if the author simply told the audience that Aleksei Stakhanov moved 102 tons of coal during his shift? Why would we care? 
　　对提出的证据进行解释和说明是为了推动论证向前发展。
　　The author is using the evidence to show that workers’ achievements were glorified under Stalin during the 1930s. The next step is to connect the evidence to the thesis/argument. 
　　Let’s say the author’s thesis is: “The glorification of impossible achievements made workers fearful and competitive under Stalinist industrial culture in the 1930s, contributing to the divisive atmosphere that would foster the purges.” How does Aleksei Stakhanov relate to this argument?
　　The glorification of Aleksei Stakhanov for an impossible achievement, staged by factory officials, reveals that the Stakhanovite movement was based upon impossible expectations. The average factory worker’s inability to perform the heroic feats applauded by newspapers and party leaders contributed to the accusations of “wrecking” that would lead to ostracism and even execution.
　　进行分析的过程，帮助你最完美的展示你的想法。
　　3  写一篇符合学术写作要求的答案
　　学术写作中的语言为书面语，切忌在其中混杂过于口语的语言，以下为老师给你总结的Writing Tips。
　　NO！不要做的事情！1. No contractions (such as can’t won’t). Use full forms. 拒绝缩写2. No slang, informal language (stuff, awesome, etc). Use formal expressions.不要浪！用正式的表述。3. Avoid the first person (no I, me, my, mine) 避免第一人称，参考如下的改法：a) I think iPad should be banned in the classroom.b)  iPad should be banned in the classroom.4. No personal examples (in my case, in the case of my friend…) 不要用个人的例子，个人的例子在历史长河里只是沧海一粟，毫无代表性5. Avoid addressing the reader directly (do not use you) 不要胡乱带入读者，避免用第二人称。参考如下的改法：a) If you want to succeed, you should follow this process.b) Following this process will increase one’s chances for success.6. No overly emotional language - emotional means irrational for readers 不要使用情绪化的语言。参考以下范例：a) Non-emotive version: The men were killed.b) Emotive version: The victims were executed in cold blood.c) Non-emotive version: The government will reduce interest rates.d) Emotive version: The government will slash interest rates.7. No over-generalizations (every, none, all) 不要过度概括a) Everybody knows that smart phones are useful.b) Many people know that smart phones are useful.8. No statistics without proper reference (numbers must have an reference) 避免没有来源的数据
　　Yes！Do it！要做的事情1. Use academic vocabulary (bad-harmful, help-facilitate, buy - purchase) 用专业术语2. Omit needless words - A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences. 避免啰嗦的词语a) Owning to the fact that - since (because)b) In spite of the fact that - through (although)3. Keep related words together (only in formal writing) - bring together the words, and groups of words, that are related in thought, and keep apart those which are not so related. 把关联的部分放在一起a) Wordsworth, in the fifth book of The Excursion, gives a minute description of this church.b) In the fifth book of The Excursion, Wordsworth gives a minute description if this church.4. In summaries, keep to one tense 保证时态统一5. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end 把强调的词汇放在句子后面a) Because of its hardness, this steel is principally used for making razors (电动剃须刀).b) The steel is principally used for making razors, because of its hardness.
　　Clarity is timeless 简洁是真理！绝对不要忘记。

　　以上便是关于HAT是什么考试的介绍了，作为一家拥有30年经验的留学机构，顶试留学不仅拥有丰富的名校资源，也拥有中英美专家团队，能因地制宜地制定个性化的留学方案，让学生们能顺利进入自己的梦中情校。如果您在筹备赴英留学的过程中遇到任何问题，都欢迎联系顶试留学。